Multi keyboard layouts in Xorg

I really like keyboards. I often plug multiple keyboards on my computer… at the same time. It's a bit pointless but I like fiddling with keyboards. My main keyboard is in a slightly tweaked bépo (a dvorak-style french layout) while most of the others are in azerty and even some in qwerty. So I configured Xorg to provide these features :

  • My main board must provide bépo, azerty and qwerty
  • Other keyboards must provide azerty, bépo, qwerty
  • Right Ctrl must be the Compose key
  • Ctrl-Alt-Backspace must kill the Xorg session
  • Left-Shift + Right-Shift must cycle the layouts

So all of this can be configured in /etc/X11/xorg.conf . Some linux distros replaced this file with a folder containing multiple files to split the xorg.conf, find the one containing input devices.

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "evdev keyboard catchall"
    MatchIsKeyboard "on"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
    Driver "evdev"
    Option "XkbLayout"      "fr,fr,us"
    Option "XkbVariant"     "oss,bepo, "
    Option "XkbOptions"     "compose:rctrl,terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp,grp:caps_toggle"
EndSection

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "Custom Keyboard"
    MatchIsKeyboard "on"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
    MatchVendor "Lord_Corp"
    Driver "evdev"
    Option "XkbLayout"      "fr,fr,us"
    Option "XkbVariant"     "bepo,oss, "
    Option "XkbOptions"     "compose:rctrl,terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp,grp:caps_toggle"
EndSection

As simple as that

How does it work ? 🔗

So Xorg works with some "drivers" where one is evdev which must find all the input devices and configure them. It works by scanning /dev/input/ and reading each file corresponding to every input devices found by the kernel.

Depending on the type of a device (mouse/keyboard/tactile board/…) it will apply a different configuration. It does this thanks to catchall rules.

Evdev is generous as it lets you apply specific configuration to specific a device by selecting it with additional match. In my case, i pick the Vendor field (provided by the device) matching Lord_Corp.

Where do I find matching criteria ? 🔗

Easy: xinput --list --long